General
Deduction is generally an analytical procedure that is based on the representation of reality. Deduction can be divided into three research methods: formal-deductive, conceptual-deductive, and argumentative-deductive analysis. [1]
Purpose
The purpose of this method is to develop a theory or a model in order to obtain a better understanding of a given phenomenon. [1]
Procedure
By drawing on different theories, a theory or a model is developed in the context of a specific phenomenon in order to generate new insights. [2] In practice, the procedure can unfold as follows:
- Selection of the research domain and research question: The first step is to identify a specific research domain of interest and to formulate a clear research question or hypothesis that is to be addressed using conceptual-deductive analysis.
- Identification of theoretical concepts and theories: In this step, relevant theoretical concepts and existing theories are identified that may help explain the research question or hypothesis. These concepts serve as the basis for the analysis of the empirical data.
- Data collection: Empirical data are collected using appropriate methods such as interviews, surveys, observations, or document analysis. Data collection should aim at gathering information that is related to the identified theoretical concepts.
- Coding of the data: The collected data are carefully analysed and coded. Specific passages or sections that relate to the relevant theoretical concepts are identified. This coding makes it possible to uncover patterns and relationships between the data and the theoretical concepts.
- Analysis and interpretation: In this step, the coded data are analysed systematically. The researchers map the concepts and theories onto the empirical data and examine whether they can explain them or provide new insights. The analysis aims to deepen the understanding of the relationships between the concepts and the data and to develop possible explanations.
- Drawing conclusions: Based on the analysis and interpretation of the data, conclusions are drawn. These conclusions may confirm, extend, or modify how theoretical concepts are applied to the empirical data.
- Discussion and contextualisation: The results of the conceptual-deductive analysis are situated within the context of the existing research literature. The implications of the findings are discussed, and it is explained how they contribute to extending theoretical understanding.
- Reporting: The results are documented in an academic paper or report. The research context, research question, applied theoretical concepts, methodology, results, and conclusions are presented in a precise and neutral manner.
In summary, conceptual-deductive analysis represents a systematic approach for applying theoretical concepts to empirical data and thereby generating new insights in a given research field. This process requires accuracy, objectivity, and a clear linkage between theory and empirical evidence.
Core literature
- [1] Wilde, T., & Hess, T. (2006). Methodenspektrum der Wirtschaftsinformatik: Überblick und Portfoliobildung (No. 2/2006). Working paper, Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik und Neue Medien, Faculty of Business Administration, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität.
- [2] Palvia, P., Mao, E., Salam, A. F., & Soliman, K. S. (2003). Management Information Systems Research: What's there in a Methodology? Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 11(1), 16.